Notes

The views expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) or its Board of Governors or the governments they represent.

In this publication, “$” refers to United States dollars, “€” refers to euros, “£” refers to pounds sterling, “₹” refers to Indian rupees, A$ refers to Australian dollars, and “ST” refers to Samoan tala.

ADB recognizes “China” as the People’s Republic of China, “Korea” as the Republic of Korea, “Laos” as the Lao People’s Democratic Republic, “Micronesia” as the Federated States of Micronesia, and “Vietnam” as Viet Nam. By making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographical area, or by using the term “country” in this microsite, ADB does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area.

ADB placed on hold its assistance in Afghanistan effective 15 August 2021 and in Myanmar effective 1 February 2022. Read ADB Statement on Afghanistan | Asian Development Bank.  (Published on: 10 November 2021).

All photos used in the report are by ADB.